Spirulina is a type of bluegreen algae that has been consumed for thousands of years as a staple in the diet of mexican aztecs, mayans, african, and asian peoples. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Each of them took either 6 grams per day of spirulina supplement or placebo for 4 weeks. A subchronic toxicity study of spirulina platensis request pdf. It is promoted as a preventive or treatment for a wide range of health problems. A subchronic toxicity study of spirulina platensis article in food science and technology research 144.
The possible mechanism is inhibition of oxidative stress that is mediated by decreasing mda level probably. I will try it this summer substituting nopalea juice for coconut juice or mixing the two. Box 888, taif, saudi arabia 2agriculture research center, food technology research institute, 9 cairo university street, giza, egypt. Spirulina platensis extract is an extract of the alga, spirulina platensis, cyanophyceae. However, some brands are found to contain toxic levels of heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic. For the subchronic toxicity study, two separate experiments were also performed to evaluate both forms of s. Spirulina phycocyanin builds blood spirulina has a dark bluegreen color, because it is rich in a brilliant blue polypeptide called phycocyanin. Pdf in this study, the methanol extract of arthrospira spirulina platensis was examined for acute and subchronic toxicities. Spirulina is a rich source of nutrients, especially protein. Abstract in this study, the methanol extract of arthrospira spirulina platensis was examined for acute and subchronic toxicities. The analysis method was used highperformance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, spectrophotometers uvvis and inductively. The two species which are most commonly utilized are spirulina platensis and.
Spirulina microalgae improves memory deficit induced by. Encapsulated dried spirulina platensis as well as spirulina tablet have been. Hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of spirulina platensis in rats. It is a rich source of nutrients, especially protein, and thus is an important food for vegetarians. Pdf invivo subchronic toxicity test of spirulina platensis. Spirulina upregulates these key cells and organs, improving their ability to function in spite of stresses from environmental toxins and infectious agents 2,10,12,14,15,16. Here is what spirulina is all about, a detailed article from university of maryland medical center. Part of the adverse effects of herbal drugs book series herbal drugs, volume 3. Furthermore, from preclinical studies in rats fed with. According to selfreports, more than twice as many subjects in the spirulina group reported more than a 2fold increase in satisfaction with treatment.
Nutritional analysis of spirulina sp to promote as superfood. A bluegreen algae that forms in freshwater lakes in consistently warm environments. Spirulina is an excellent way to support healthy fertility and pregnancy through its superior nutritional content. Phyocyanin extraction from microalgae spirulina platensis. Energy values and chemical composition of spirulina. Furthermore, from preclinical studies in rats fed with 5% spirulina. Oct 19, 2010 spirulina refers to the dried biomass of arthrospira platensis, an oxygenic photosynthetic bacterium found worldwide in fresh and marine waters. Preclinical antitoxic properties of spirulina arthrospira taylor. Purification, identification, and characterization of. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirulina maxima orally supplied 4. Pdf a subchronic toxicity study of spirulina platensis semantic. Spirulina phycobiliproteins as food components and complements. Spirulina is a type of bluegreen algae that is rich.
Antioxidant activity of the microalga spirulina maxima. The yield of phycocyanin in crude extract was depended on ultrasonic frequency vilkhu et al. Pdf toxicity assessment of phycocyanin a blue colorant from. In this study, the extraction of phycocyanin from wet biomass figure 1. Safety assessment of spirulina platensis through sprague dawley. Of these, arthrospira platensis is the most common and widely available spirulina and most of the published research and public health decision refers to this specific species. This alga represents an important staple diet in humans and has been used as a source of protein and vitamin supplement in humans without any significant sideeffects. Furthermore, acute and subchronic oral toxicity study revealed that cpc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of spirulina maxima, a bluegreen alga used as food supplement and food coloring, after weeks of. Many commerciallyavailable brands of spirulina have low levels of heavy metals that do not fall within an unsafe range, according to a study published in the saudi journal of biological sciences in 20.
No and sp were the two different types of spirulina they tested this study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro and in vivo toxicity of cultivated nostoc commune var. Extensively detailed and heavily referenced, spirulina in human nutrition and health is the definitive work on this highly nutritious food source. Spirulina through its range of b vitamins strengthens the immune system and builds resistance against diseases. Spirulina are multicellular and filamentous bluegreen microalgae belonging to two separate genera spirulina and arthrospira and consists of about 15 species. The mobility of psi and pq molecules in spirulina platensis cells during state transition. Effect of spirulina platensis on the renal toxicity induced by inorganic mercury and cisplatin. Evaluation of the toxicity of arthrospira spirulina platensis. Mar 28, 2018 spirulina can help boost aerobic performance as shown in a study done of 9 moderately trained males. When given spirulina, old cats and dogs with dull, thinning coats have been seen to develop thick, lustrous coats. In a study about the hypocholesterolemic action of spirulina platensis in rats, nagaoka et al. Spirulina is a type of bluegreen algae of which there are several species.
Vafaei carried out the design and coordinated the study, participated in most of the experiments. A subchronic toxicity study of spirulina platensis jstage. Preclinical antitoxic properties of spirulina arthrospira. Spirulina platensis protects against renal injury in rats with gentamicininduced acute tubular necrosis. Pdf evaluation of the toxicity of arthrospira spirulina platensis. Spirulina platensis and its contents have been linked to a nutritional component in. Jan 21, 2010 in this study, the methanol extract of arthrospira spirulina platensis was examined for acute and subchronic toxicities. In india, spirulina fusiformis is also regarded as a source plant 3. Medlineplus, national institutes of health, retrieved june 16. The present study reports methylcobalamin in spirulina platensis using highperformance liquid chromatography hplc, thinlayer chromatography tlc, microbiological assay, chemiluminescence assay, liquid chromatography. For shortterm treatment, no signs of toxicity were observed within 7 days after feeding male swiss mice at the high dose of 30 and 10 gkg body weight of fresh and dried s. Spirulina is used by some people to help with allergies and asthma.
Spirulina is a dietary supplement made from bluegreen algae cyanobacteria. Antioxidant and anticancer activity of spirulina platensis water extracts 1,2abeer a. It grows best in a warm climate and in warm alkaline water. Thermal denaturation of glutathione reductase from cyanobacterium spirulina maxima. Accumulation of mercury and other elements by spirulina cyanophyceae nutr rep int. In this study, the methanol extract of arthrospira spirulina platensis was examined for acute and subchronic toxicities.
Current knowledge on potential health benefits of spirulina. Pdf evaluation of the toxicity of arthrospira spirulina. This article needs additional citations for verification. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical and energy composition of spirulina spirulina platensis, the nutrient metabolizability coefficients, and the values of apparent metabolizable energy ame and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance amen in broilers. Spirulina supplement health benefits, dosage, side effects. Subchronic toxicity study in mice fed spirulina maxima sciencedirect.
Spirulina maxima prevents induction of fatty liver by carbon tetrachloride in the rat. Spirulina was historically used by the mexican aztec, mayan, african, and asian peoples, who consumed it as a staple for thousands of years. Spirulina platensis extract cosmetic ingredient inci. The volunteers did not modify their dietary habits or lifestyle during the whole. Evaluation of the toxicity of arthrospira spirulina platensis extract.
In addition, the aqueous extract of spirulina triggered a cell cycle arrest of hsc at the g2m phase. Feb 19, 2020 the lone study suggests that spirulina is strongly effective in controlling allergies, with the symptoms of nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal congestion and itching being timedependently reduced. Pdf a subchronic toxicity study of spirulina platensis. At the end of each 2 hour run, exercise performance and respiratory quotient were tested for both placebo and spirulina. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of spirulina maxima, a bluegreen alga used as food supplement and food coloring, after weeks of treatment. It is a cyanobacterium which consists of two species of bacteria. The extract did not produce any for the subchronic toxicity test, the extract at doses of 6, 12, and 24 mg kg. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of spirulina maxima, a blue green alga used as food supplement and food coloring, after weeks of. Spirulina is the richest source of protein and provides 18 out of 22 amino acids that the body needs for normal growth and development.
In addition, toxicology books and summaries of symposia concerning algae issues were consulted. It is produced commercially and sold as a food supplement in health food stores around the world. Insufficient nutritional intake, toxic metals, and environmental contamination cause. Spirulina helps maintain normal and healthy eyesight. Spirulina is a microscopic filamentous alga that is rich in proteins, vitamins, essential amino acids, minerals and essential fatty acids like. Neither no nor sp contained detectable levels of microcystin mcla, mcrr, mclw and mclr by lcmsms. Invivo subchronic toxicity of spirulina platensis has been done. Up to very recently, the interest in spirulina was mainly in its nutritive value. Antioxidant and anticancer activity of spirulina platensis. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of spirulina sp that produced by the large culture at ambient temperature.
Spirulina platensis cells, selection of ultrasonic frequency was important. Effect of microalga spirulina platensis arthrospira. Arthrospira platensis that is used both as a food and as a medicinal supplement to counteract unintentional weight loss and to ameliorate a variety of medical conditions including attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder, allergic rhinitis, hypertension, diabetes, stress, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Sharaf 1department of biology, faculty of science, taif university, p. Spirulina refers to the dried biomass of arthrospira platensis, an oxygenic photosynthetic bacterium found worldwide in fresh and. Nov 26, 2007 the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirulina maxima orally supplied 4.
The two species which are most commonly utilized are spirulina platensis and spirulina maxima 1,2. Spirulina is a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium that derives its name from the spiral or helical nature of its filaments. A subchronic toxicity study of spirulina platensis. An analysis of the nutrition content of spirulina sp is reported. It has a long history of use as food and it has been reported that it has been used during the aztec civilization. Salazar s, ulloa v 1988 subchronic toxicity study in rats fed spirulina. In this study, we examined the effects of spirulina platensis, a multicellular filamentous bluegreen algae currently used worldwide as a food supplement, upon acute and subchronic treatments to rodents. Evaluation of the toxicity of arthrospira spirulina. Subchronic toxicity study in mice fed spirulina maxima. Antihyperlipemic and antihypertensive effects of spirulina. The extract did not produce any sign of toxicity within 7 days after feeding it at a single high dose of 6 g kg. Annexinv staining showed that aqueous extract of spirulina induced apoptosis of hsc after 12 h of treatment. Spirulina is used by some people to help with diabetes or high cholesterol levels.
Spirulina is a biomass of cyanobacteria bluegreen algae that can be consumed by humans and animals. Veterinarians prescribe spirulina to aid recovery, increase. Health safety of spirulina spirulina platensis for food application was evaluated through hematology and histopathology of liver. Arthrospira platensis, which is native to africa, asia and south america and arthrospira maxima which comes from central america. Longterm effect of spirulina platensis extract on dmbainduced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis immunohistochemical study. The volunteers did not modify their dietary habits or lifestyle during the whole experimental period. In this study, we examined the effects of spirulina platensis, a multicellular filamentous bluegreen algae currently used worldwide as a food supplement, upon. Spirulina is a genus of bluegreen algae belonging to the family of oscillatoriaceae. Oct 08, 2007 the final chapters look at neurobiology and spirulina s effect on aging as well as potential interactions with pharmaceuticals or other bioavailable compounds. Today, researchers study the nutritional quality and investigate the effects of s. Introducing spirulina junkie, a beautiful girl who posts fun healthy recipes. Spirulina is widely marketed as a superfood and protein source, available commercially in capsules, tablets, and powder, as well as in some foods energy bars and smoothies. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Among many of spirulina bioactive components, blue protein cphycocyanin and its.
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